HISTORY OF CORONA VIRUSES
INTRODUCTION
Corona viruses cause respiratory and interstitial infection in animal and human. They were not considered to be highly pathogenic to humans until the outbreaks of serve acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002 and 2003 in Guangdong province ,China as the corona virus that circulated before that time in human mostly caused mild infections in incompetent people. Ten years after SARS, another highly pathogenic corona-virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome corona-virus ( MERS-CoV) emerged in middle east country. SARS uses dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4; also known as CD26) as a receptor and infects unciliated 
bronchial epithelial cells and type 2 pneumocytes. SARS- CoV and MERS-CoV were transmitted directly to human from market civets and dromedary camels,respectively, and both viruses are thought to have originated in bats. Extensive studies of these two important corona-virus have not only led to a better understanding of corona-viruses biology but have also been driving corona-virus discovery in bats globally. In this Review, we focus on the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Specifically we emphasize the ecological distribution,genetic diversity, inter-species transmission and potential for parthenogenesis of SARS-related corona viruses (MERSr-CoVs) and MERS -related corona viruses (MERSr-CoVs)found in bats,as this information can help prepare countermeasures against future spillover and pathogenic infections in humans with novel corona-viruses.
bronchial epithelial cells and type 2 pneumocytes. SARS- CoV and MERS-CoV were transmitted directly to human from market civets and dromedary camels,respectively, and both viruses are thought to have originated in bats. Extensive studies of these two important corona-virus have not only led to a better understanding of corona-viruses biology but have also been driving corona-virus discovery in bats globally. In this Review, we focus on the origin and evolution of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Specifically we emphasize the ecological distribution,genetic diversity, inter-species transmission and potential for parthenogenesis of SARS-related corona viruses (MERSr-CoVs) and MERS -related corona viruses (MERSr-CoVs)found in bats,as this information can help prepare countermeasures against future spillover and pathogenic infections in humans with novel corona-viruses.
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